Tuesday, December 18, 2018

Lexember 18th: ruisama, "jail"


A simple derivation from ruiso bind, tie up, gives ruisama /ɾu.i.ˈsa.ma/ jail.

Ëlá ruisama nen eruttimo hír.
ël-á ruisama nen er-uttim-o hír
3-PL jail LOC TRANS.die.PFV PART
They died in the jail.

Vima vë ruisama në ívin chaso.
city ATTR jail TOP vicious do.PFV
The city's jail became vicious.

The normal verb for being in jail is some form of vëcho stay, remain, dwell.

Ël ruisama nen allui vëchat no re.
3SG jail LOC long.ADV remain.INF be.PFV PART
She will be in jail a long time.

The combination of infinitive + no + re is one form of the future. It marks predictions, rather than intentions.

Símur ruisama nen vëchëluto.
Sím-ur ruisama nen vëch-ël-ut-o
3OUT-PL jail LOC remain-CAUS-PASS-PFV
They were sent to jail (lit., made to be in jail).

Monday, December 17, 2018

Lexember 17th: anurohëtin, "exceptional, unique"


The word anurohëtin /ʔa.nu.ɾo.ˈxə.tin/ exceptional, unique, is a rather complicated derivation from anin one.

Ën nurím në anurohëtin no so!
this mead TOP exceptional be.PFV ASSEV
This mead is exceptional!

Ëlá në vahwéla anurohëtin no.
3PL TOP way.of.life unique be.PFV
Their way of life is unique.

Sunday, December 16, 2018

Lexember 16th: talma "knee"


Another unexpected gap, talma /ˈtal.ma/ knee. Sometimes I try to translate things I hear at random into Kílta. Hearing a version of O Holy Night I realized I had no way to say "fall on your knees." First I needed knees.

Nihwa në talmur kwailo.
1SG TOP knee.PL hurt.PFV
My knees hurt!

The first singular pronoun here, nihwa /ˈni.xʷa/, is used when the speaker feels they are in a low control situation.

For kneel I'm using the expression talma li rino, knee ABL sit.

Talma li rinësti!
talma li rin-ëst-i
knee ABL sit-INCH-IMP
Fall to your knees!

Not so sure if I need to develop a more exalted idiom for this action.

Saturday, December 15, 2018

Lexember 15: ikaulo, "be a nomad"


Today is the stative verb ikaulo /ʔi.ˈkau̯.lo/ be a nomad. Because it's a stative verb, it is not ever going to be used in an imperfective form of the verb, whether finite or converb.

Ikaulëstët sikwa si niënto.
ikaul-ëst-ët sikwa si niënt-o
be.a.nomad-INCH-PFV.CVB home ACC leave-PFV
She became a nomad and left home.

Ikaulët rëtu nilur nen kata si chaso.
be.a.nomad.PFV.CVB many.PL place.PL LOC work ACC do.PFV
Being a nomad, he works many places.

Unnálta në rëtu ku si ikaulëno so.
unnálta në rët-u k-u si ikaul-ën-o so
capitalism TOP many-PL NMNL-PL ACC be.a.nomad-CAUS-PFV PART
Capitalism makes nomads of many.

Finally, an idiom. The core meaning of naho is approach, come close to, but it is also means to follow a school of thought, philosophy, or religion. Combining naho with ikaulo gives:

Nahár ikaulo.
nah-ár ikaul-o
approach-IPFV.CVB be.a.nomad-PFV
Be rootless.

Unpacking that at bit, this refers to someone who is culturally, philosophically, or religiously rootless. By this I'm referring to people who radically change religious affiliation or practice every decade or so, who are, for example, trotskyites one decade and radical libertarians the next. It does not refer to people who have a simple curiosity that wanders over time, but suggests radical, and probably contradictory, commitments through the course of their life, never settling anywhere for long.

Friday, December 14, 2018

Lexember 14th: chuëto, "pour"


Another fairly basic word that I've somehow overlooked so far: chuëto /tʃu.ˈə.to/ pour. It takes the allative mai for target, and the ablative li for source, which can be either a vessel or material.

Sen mai ëmar si chuëti re.
bowl ALL milk ACC pour.INP PART
Pour milk into the bowl.

Ëlá në mata li kumma si chuëto.
3PL TOP water ABL oil ACC pour.PFV
They poured oil off the water (as after separation).

Thursday, December 13, 2018

Lexember 13th: senít, "spoon"


I have no idea why this word made it to the top of the list, but here we are. Senít /ˈse.niːt/ spoon is a lexical diminutive of sen bowl.

Senít kwan ta si sani re.
spoon INST that ACC eat.IMP PART
Eat that with a spoon.

Kumma li vë senít si nakweno.
fat ABL ATTR spoon ACC mix.PFV
He mixed (in) a spoon of oil.

Coming up with interesting example sentences for cutlery can be surprisingly challenging.

Wednesday, December 12, 2018

Lexember 12th: korëm, "persona, role"


Derived from kor person, korëm /ˈko.rəm/ is role, persona. It can shade into personality. Like other forms of adornment, the usual verb for taking on a role is relo carry, bear.

Ton në vura korëm si relat no?
2SG TOP what role ACC bear.INF be.PFV
What role will you play?

A particular role can be specified with lës like, as,

Atta lës korëm si relësto.
atta lës korëm si rel-ëst-o
father as role ACC carry-INCH-PFV
He started to act as a father.

Ronuin lës vë korëm në ëtótarin no so.
aristocrat as ATTR role TOP degenerate be.PFV ASSEV
The personality of the aristocrat is degenerate.

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